The current year marks the 15th anniversary of the U.S. shale boom, a
period in which fracking technology across such states as Texas,
Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Wyoming helped establish the
nation as a top oil and gas producer.
Unfortunately, high costs of production compared with conventional
drilling has led to the sector consistently printing red ink and
resulted in considerable destruction of shareholder value. The Covid-19
pandemic and subsequent oil price crash has led to investors souring on
the industry further, credit becoming harder to come by, and a
cross-section of Wall Street calling the end to the sector.
But the death of the U.S. shale sector might have been greatly exaggerated.
Whereas U.S. shale has recorded a steep production decline due to sharp
fall in oil and gas prices, the industry could be primed to recover much
faster than what we have been led to believe.
There's no way to sugarcoat it: Since its inception, the U.S. shale industry has been a big money loser.
A June report from Deloitte revealed that during its 15 years of
existence, the U.S. shale industry managed to write off a staggering
$450 billion in invested capital while generating $300 billion in net
negative cash flow. Further, the sector has recorded more than 190
bankruptcies since 2010, the highest by any sector in the United States.
The Covid-19 pandemic only served to make a bad situation much worse. According to Deloitte:
"The oil industry is currently experiencing a ‘great compression' in which companies' room to maneuver is restricted by low commodity prices, reduced demand, capital constraints, debt loads, and health impacts of COVID-19. Unlike in previous downturns, these effects are now simultaneous--creating a higher level risk of technical insolvencies and building intense pressure on the industry."
Still, the shale sector is hardly on its deathbed as has been portrayed in some circles.
The U.S. shale patch has an estimated breakeven oil price in the $60-$65 range, well above the current WTI price in the mid-40s. The historically low oil prices have definitely taken a hit on production, with the Texas's Permian Basin pumping 4.49 million barrels a day in September down from 4.9 million barrels in March. Yet, the September figure is actually higher than in any month prior to September 2019. In fact, the decline in Permian production has been less severe compared to the cuts undertaken by the likes of Saudi Arabia and Russia.
Indeed, the worst might be over for the U.S. shale patch thanks to a
deluge of Covid-19 vaccines arriving just when the second, third, and
even fourth waves of infections have been ravaging the world and causing
widespread despair.
The UK has become the first country in the world to approve the Pfizer-BioNTech
BNT162b2 vaccine, which has been shown to offer up to 95% protection
against Covid-19. The first 800,000 doses will be available in the
country starting next week, with another 40M doses on order.
Even better news: The U.S. could soon follow suit with an FDA approval
and distribute enough of the Pfizer/BionTech vaccine to immunize 100M
people--or a third of its population--by the end of February...
There are at least five other promising vaccine candidates from Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, CureVac, and Sanofi-GlaxoSmithKline already in the pipeline.
Further, a recent Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) report
says that shale production costs have been falling, with E&P
companies operating in the lowest-cost U.S. basin, Permian and Delaware,
posting breakeven levels of ~$33 a barrel, down from a $40 per barrel
just a year ago.
In an earlier report, Citigroup and Goldman Sachs projected that oil
prices might hit $60 a barrel by the end of 2021. Given the high
efficacy that the Covid-19 vaccines have so far demonstrated, do not be
surprised if Bank of America's prediction
that oil prices will hit $60 during the first half of 2021 proves to be
accurate. In other words, the majority of U.S. shale companies could
turn cash flow positive in a matter of months.
The U.S. shale sector might be down but is by no means about to go out. Shale companies know it, and have been busy consolidating their operations so as to be better primed for the oil price recovery.
It's not time for shale to surprise us--yet. An oil price rally on
vaccines doesn't exactly connect with the massive impact on demand the
coronavirus has had. There's an important time lapse here.
But if American shale has finally learned its lesson on resilience, we
can expect some real value-focused growth once the dust settles on
multiple crises.
Courtesy of Alex Kimani for Oilprice.com
The views and opinions expressed herein are the author's own, and do not necessarily reflect those of EconMatters.
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